ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﺠﻬﺔ
.ﻋﺮﻓﺖ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ اﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﻏﺎﺭاﻟﺪﻣﺎء ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﻟﻮﻻﺕ ﻭﻧﺠﺪ ﻫﺬا اﻻﺳــــﻢ ﺑﻜﻞ اﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋـــﻖ اﻻﺩاﺭﻳــﺔ ﻭاﻟﺮﺳﻤﻴـــﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ اﻧﺒﻌﺎﺙ ﻭﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ 20 ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ 1905 ﺇﻟﻰ اﻟﻴﻮﻡ. ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻏﺎﺭاﻟﺪﻣﺎء اﻭاﺧﺮ اﻟﻘﺮﻥ 19 ,اﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﻣﺎﺑﻴﻦ 1865 ﻭ1882 .اﺫ ﻻ ﻧﺠﺪ ﺫﻛﺮا ﻟﻬﺬﻩ اﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ اﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ
اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻲ
ﻳﺤﻀﻦ اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﻼﺩ اﻟﺘﻮﻧﺴﻴﺔ ﺟﻬﺔ ﻏﺎﺭاﻟﺪﻣﺎء. ﺇﺫ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﺄﻗﺼﻰ اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻲ ﻟﺠﺒﺎﻝ ﺧﻤﻴﺮ ﻭﺑﺄﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻬﻮﻝ ﻣﺠﺮﺩﺓ , ﻓﺘﻘﻊ ﻗﺮﺏ اﻟﺤﺪﻭﺩ اﻟﺠﺰاﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ 8ﻛﻠﻢ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ 33 ﻛﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺟﻨﺪﻭﺑﺔ , ﻭﻫﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺒﻌﺪ 195 ﻛﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﺗﻮﻧﺲ.
ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ اﻟﺠﻬﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻮﻝ ﻓﻼﺣﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﺮاﻣﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﻌﺔ اﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ ﻟﻨﻬﺮ ﻣﺠﺮﺩﺓ , ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺷﻤﺎﻻ ﻭﻏﺮﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻨﻮﺑﺎ ﺑﻤﺮﺗﻔﻌﺎﺕ( ﻟﻨﺰاﺯﺓ ﻭﻓﺞ ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﻭاﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ ﻭاﻟﻔﺎﻳﺠﺔ ﻭﻋﻴﻦ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﺧﻴﺮا اﻟﻐﺮﺓ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻲ.
ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ
ﺃﻥ ﻧﺸﺄﺓ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻏﺎﺭ اﻟﺪﻣﺎء ﻟﻪ اﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻭﺛﻴﻖ ﺑﺎﻧﺘﺼﺎﺏ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ ﺑﺘﻮﻧﺲ ﺳﻨﺔ 1881 .ﺇﺫ ﺣﺮﺻﺖ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﺕ اﻹﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺑﻂ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﺮاﺗﻬﺎ (ﺗﻮﻧﺲ ﻭاﻟﺠﺰاﺋﺮ) ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻻﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺳﻴﻄﺮﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻭﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻃﺮﻕ اﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺛﺮﻭاﺕ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﺮاﺕ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ,ﻓﻜﺎﻥ اﻥ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺧﻂ ﺳﻜﻚ ﺣﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻘﺮﻥ 19 (1880) ﻳﺮﺑﻂ اﻟﺠﺰاﺋﺮ ﺑﺘﻮﻧﺲ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺑﻨﺎءﻫﺎ ﻭﺳﻤﻴﺖ ﻏﺎﺭاﻟﺪﻣﺎء=gardimaou ﻭﻗﺪ ﺷﻜﻠﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﻨﻮاﺓ اﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺳﺮﻋﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ اﺗﺴﻌﺖ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺘﻮاﻓﺪ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﻭاﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻨﺴﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ(ﻓﺮﻧﺴﻴﻮﻥ-اﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﻮﻥ- ﻣﺎﻟﻄﻴﻮﻥ-ﻳﻬﻮﺩ....) .ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻧﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺨﻂ ﻟﻠﺴﻜﺔ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻫﻮ اﻭﻝ ﺧﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻼﺩ اﻟﺘﻮﻧﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻜﻚ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ. ﻓﺤﺘﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﻧﺮﻯ ﻣﺪﻯ اﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﺭ اﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻲ ﻓﺤﻮﻝ ﻣﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺴﻜﺔ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ .
ﺗﺎﺭﻳــــــــﺦ اﻟﺠﻬﺔ
.ﻋﺮﻓﺖ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ اﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﻏﺎﺭاﻟﺪﻣﺎء ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﻟﻮﻻﺕ ﻭﻧﺠﺪ ﻫﺬا اﻻﺳــــﻢ ﺑﻜﻞ اﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋـــﻖ اﻻﺩاﺭﻳــﺔ ﻭاﻟﺮﺳﻤﻴـــﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ اﻧﺒﻌﺎﺙ ﻭﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ 20 ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ 1905 ﺇﻟﻰ اﻟﻴﻮﻡ. ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻏﺎﺭاﻟﺪﻣﺎء اﻭاﺧﺮ اﻟﻘﺮﻥ 19 ,اﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﻣﺎﺑﻴﻦ 1865 ﻭ1882 .اﺫ ﻻ ﻧﺠﺪ ﺫﻛﺮا ﻟﻬﺬﻩ اﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ اﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ. ﻏﺎﺭاﻟﺪﻣﺎء ﻫﻲ اﺣﺪﻯ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﻨﺪﻭﺑﺔ, ﺗﻘﻊ ﺑﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﻼﺩ اﻟﺘﻮﻧﺴﻴﺔ,ﻭﻫﻲ اﻟﺒﻮاﺑﺔ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﻧﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺰاﺋﺮ ﻭﺗﻤﺘﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻬﻮﻝ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺫﻳﺔ ﻟﻨﻬﺮ ﻣﺠﺮﺩﺓ ﺗﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺒﺎﻝ:ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻬﺔ اﻟﻴﻤﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻬﺮ ﻣﺠﺮﺩﺓ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺟﺒﺎﻝ ﺧﻤﻴﺮ ﻭﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻬﺔ اﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻬﺮ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺟﺒﺎﻝ اﻟﻜﺎﻑ.ﻭﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺠﺒﺎﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻏﻠﺒﻬﺎ ﻏﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺗﻐﻄﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺷﺠﺎﺭ اﻟﺰاﻥ ﻭاﻟﻔﺮﻧﺎﻥ.ﻭﻳﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪﻳﺔ ﻏﺎﺭاﻟﺪﻣﺎء ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﻣﺘﺪاﺩا ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻴﺎ ﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻴﺔ ﻧﻮﻣﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﺛﻢ ﺭﻭﻣﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻫﻤﻬﺎ ﺷﻤﺘﻮ ﻭﺗﺒﺮﻧﻖ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺒﻌﺪ 10ﻛﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ
ﺗﺒﺮﻧﻖ (اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺒﻌﺪ 10ﻛﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ) ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﻐﺮﺏ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ 200ﻡ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻬﺪ اﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﻤﺜﻼﻥ ﻣﺨﺰﻧﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ اﻟﻤﺆﻭﻧﺔ ﻻﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﻣﻠﻮﻙ ﺭﻭﻣﺎ. اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻭﻑ اﻧﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺩﺧﻞ اﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻥ اﻟﺒﻼﺩ اﻟﺘﻮﻧﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻨﺔ .....ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻘﻀﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﻣﺒﺮاﻃﻮﺭﻳﺔ اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺎﺟﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﻠﻚ اﻟﻨﻮﻣﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺳﻴﻨﻴﺴﺎ اﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﺄﻣﻞ ﻓﻲ اﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮﻩ ﺣﻘﺎ اﺑﺎﺋﻪ اﻷﺭاﺿﻲ اﻟﻤﻐﺘﺼﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻗﺮﻃﺎﺝ.ﻭﻓﻌﻼ ﺗﻢ ﻟﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ اﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﺗﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻹﻧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﺪ ﺳﻴﻔﺎﻛﺲ Syphax اﻟﻨﻮﻣﻴﺪﻱ اﻷﺻﻞ اﻟﺬﻱ اﻧﺤﺎﺯ اﻟﻰ ﻗﺮﻃﺎﺝ ﻓﻲ ﺻﺮاﻋﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺭﻭﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﻌﺎﺯ ﻭﺗﺤﺮﻳﻀﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ اﻟﻘﺮﻃﺎﺟﻨﻴﺔ اﻷﺻﻞ.ﻭﺗﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﻭاﻟﻈﻔﺮ ﺑﺰﻭﺟﺘﻪ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪﻡ ﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﺴﻢ اﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻭﻋﺪﻫﺎ اﻥ ﻃﺎﻟﺒﺖ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺭﻭﻣﺎ